On September 11th, local time, the European Commission released the summer economic forecast report, which predicted that the German economy would shrink by 0.4% this year, making it the only country with negative economic growth among the major EU countries. Coincidentally, in July this year, the International Monetary Fund also predicted that Germany’s GDP would show a negative growth of 0.3% this year, which is the only one among the 22 economies counted. The two major international organizations have made pessimistic forecasts for the German economy this year from the European and global dimensions respectively.

△ Economic growth forecast of major European countries (data from Insight EU Monitoring)

△ Economic growth forecast of the world’s major economies (pictured from the International Monetary Fund IMF official website)

At the turn of the century more than 20 years ago, The Economist magazine in Britain once called Germany the "sick man of Europe". Now the world has to ask this question again. Is Germany the "sick man of Europe"?

There are many problems facing the German economy.

In addition to the GDP growth rate, other economic indicators in Germany are all downward. The business climate index of Ive Economic Research Institute has been declining for four consecutive months. The output value of chemical products in Germany’s major industrial products decreased by 18% compared with 2019, and the output value of automobiles decreased by 26%. In July this year, Germany’s exports to non-EU countries decreased by 2.9% month-on-month, and the trade surplus fell to 82 billion euros, a sharp drop of 60% compared with 200 billion euros before the epidemic. In the first six months of this year, 8,400 enterprises filed for bankruptcy in Germany, an increase of 16.2% over the same period last year. The Annual Report on World Competitiveness published by the International Institute for Management Development in Lausanne, Switzerland, has reduced the ranking of Germany’s competitiveness from the sixth place in the world to the 22nd place.

High inflation, high interest rates and weak external market demand are the main reasons that lead to Germany’s deep sinking. High inflation causes enterprises to increase production costs and reduce household consumption, while high interest rates suppress investment and lending, and the decrease in external market demand directly hits Germany’s import and export trade. These three major causes seem to be pressure from outside Germany, but the Germans themselves seem helpless in the face of pressure.

German economist Thomas MeyerIn the face of high interest rates and high energy prices, Germany’s manufacturing industry has been hit harder than the service industry. For example, producing a car requires a lot of energy; Or steelmaking and machining, also need energy. At the same time, when the interest rate is high, people’s consumption will also be limited. In contrast, the service industries in other countries are less sensitive to energy prices and high interest rates.

The British "Economist" published an article on August 17, pointing out that over the years, Germany’s excellent performance in the traditional industrial field concealed its lack of investment in new industries. Complacency and obsession with fiscal prudence lead to too little public investment. Overall, the proportion of information technology investment in GDP in Germany is less than half that in the United States and France. In addition, there are worsening geopolitics, the difficulty of reducing carbon and the pain caused by the aging population.

△ British "Economist" report screenshot

All walks of life in Germany are suffering from the economic downturn.

Since the fourth quarter of 2022, the German economy has declined or stagnated for three consecutive quarters. The German Federal Bank (the central bank) released a report at the end of August, predicting that the German economy will still have zero growth in the third quarter of this year. Faced with this grim situation, the German federal government has so far failed to introduce substantive stimulus measures, but the German people and enterprises have deeply tasted the bitter taste of economic downturn. According to the latest poll released by the authoritative German polling agency Fossa Institute of Public Opinion on September 10th, 46% of Germans think that their life will be worse in ten years. 32% people think their situation will remain unchanged; Only 17% people believe that they will live a better life in the future.

Michael Vic, vice president of the German Bakery Association, runs a 387-year-old coffee shop, and his bakery now pays four times the original electricity bill. He noticed that many of his colleagues were forced to close their stores this year because they could not make ends meet and could not continue to operate. Vic is deeply worried about the stagnation of the German economy.

Michael Vic, Vice President of German Pastry AssociationWe can’t make up for the loss entirely by raising prices, because high inflation has suppressed people’s desire for consumption, and people are more cautious when spending money. However, the federal government has not provided necessary support and help to small and medium-sized enterprises, and there is nothing we can do about it. All this has caused the handicraft industry to struggle.

Sukorowski, general manager of German glass processing enterprises, also said: "The federal government must formulate clear and definite regulations on the financial support plan, and the energy policy should be lasting and stable. At the same time, we must protect the European economy and producers while maintaining the Asian market."

△ Screenshot of a German TV news report

The remedy for Germany’s economic difficulties

More than 20 years ago, when the British mocked Germany as the "sick man of Europe" for the last time, the Germans successively elected two governments, Schroeder and Merkel, and adopted a series of pragmatic and effective economic policies. On the one hand, they repaired with neighboring countries to obtain cheap energy supplies, and at the same time, they vigorously explored the China market to find markets and outlets for German industrial products, thus promoting the steady growth of the German economy for 20 years. Germany became the locomotive of European economy, and led the EU through the two major hurdles of American subprime mortgage crisis and European debt crisis.

Nowadays, the external and internal environment in which Germany is located has changed compared with the beginning of this century, but the basic structure of the German economy has not changed. The economic development of Germany, which is based on industry, is still inseparable from cheap energy, raw material supply and broad external market. The successful experience of the former government is still the right medicine and the key to win the German economy out of trouble.

Producer: Jiang Qiuyong

Editor Liang Mao

Reporter Tao Ye Ruan Jia Wen

CCTV News:As a "test field" for institutional innovation, at present, China has set up 21 pilot free trade zones to further explore reform, opening up and economic development. Under the general tone of keeping the word steady and striving for progress in stability, how to build and upgrade the Pilot Free Trade Zone and how to promote institutional opening?

Entering the new year, the respective trade pilot zones have continuously promoted institutional opening-up measures, leading the country to open to the outside world at a high level.

On February 14th, in Lingang New Area of Shanghai Free Trade Zone, the pilot reform of high-level open foreign exchange management for cross-border trade and investment was officially launched, covering 9 capital account reform measures and 4 current account facilitation measures.

Zhang Xiaohong, Deputy Director of the Finance and Trade Department of the Management Committee of Lingang New Area of Shanghai Free Trade Zone:The pilot policy, such as supporting small and medium-sized micro-high-tech enterprises to borrow foreign debts, combined with the policy of supporting qualified enterprises’ tax relief in the new area, will further help improve the business environment and attract more high-tech enterprises to settle down.

Jinan District of Shandong Pilot Free Trade Zone has built a platform to provide digital trade services for China-Europe trains. Just after it was put into operation, it provided one-stop online services for more than 200 foreign trade enterprises, such as warehousing, booking and customs declaration. Through blockchain technology, a unique code is attached to the container, which can check the location of export goods online in real time and realize accurate supervision before shipment.　

On February 15th, Guangdong Province also issued 27 measures to promote trade and investment facilitation in the Free Trade Zone, proposing to support Hong Kong and Macao service providers to invest in the establishment of travel agencies, liberalize the international registration of statutory survey, and build the Guangzhou Futures Exchange with high standards.

On January 1, the negative list of foreign investment access in the Pilot Free Trade Zone was reduced for the seventh time, with the number of items reduced from the initial 190 to 27. The open field involved the first, second and third industries, the manufacturing items were cleared, and the service industry continued to expand and open.

Wu Hongliang, Deputy Director of the Foreign Investment Department of the National Development and Reform Commission:The new version of the negative list of foreign investment access has fully liberalized the manufacturing industry in the Pilot Free Trade Zone. At the same time, it has explored relaxing access restrictions in service industries such as market research in the Pilot Free Trade Zone, and accumulated experience for further expanding the opening up of telecommunications, medical care and other fields.

In the field of domestic SUVs, with its unrivaled market dominance and excellent quality, it has firmly occupied the top of sales and has become the king of word-of-mouth praised by many consumers. As a proud work of Geely, Xingyue L not only shows the brand’s profound technical heritage, but also leads the new fashion of domestic SUVs with a champion posture.

Since its inception, Xingyue L has swept the market with an unstoppable torrent of sales, with monthly sales breaking new highs and long-term dominating the top of the fuel SUV sales list. This brilliant achievement is the high recognition and trust of consumers in Xingyue L’s excellent product strength. Every purchase choice is the best annotation of Xingyue L’s quality and strength.

In terms of exterior design, Xingyue L cleverly blends modern aesthetics with national style charm to create an unforgettable aesthetic model. The streamlined body design outlines dynamic and smooth lines, and the large-size air intake grille and sharpness complement each other, creating a strong visual shock. This design not only shows Xingyue L’s confidence and strength, but also shows its ultimate pursuit of quality life.

The atmosphere of luxury and technology in the car is coming. Three high definition screens are scattered in the cockpit, providing drivers with rich information display and convenient operation experience. The Galaxy OS2.0 intelligent ecosystem is equipped with the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip, which ensures the smooth operation and efficient response of the car system, so that intelligent technology can be truly integrated into daily driving, bringing unprecedented convenience and fun.

In terms of power performance, the Xingyue L also lives up to expectations. The perfect match of its 2.0TD turbocharged engine and high-efficiency gearbox provides the vehicle with a steady stream of power output and smooth acceleration. Whether it is shuttling through the streets of the bustling city or galloping on the vast highway, the Xingyue L can make every trip a hearty driving feast with its championship-level driving performance.

In the future, Xingyue L will continue to lead the new trend of the domestic SUV market with its championship-level sales strength, excellent product quality and good market reputation. Now 25 Xingyue L models have arrived in the store one after another, and all riders can go to the store to see the display cars.

CCTV News:From Luoxiao Mountain Range to Wuling Mountain Range, the mountains and mountains have left the footprints of the Red Army. Next, we will walk into Zhangjiajie, which is located in the northwest of Hunan. It is famous for its unique "3,000 Qifeng and 800 Xiushui", and it is one of the earliest tourist cities in China to go global. In addition to peerless scenery, it is also a "red fertile soil", which was once the core area of Hunan-Hubei border, Hunan-Hubei west and Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou base areas. Now Jiang Wenjing, a reporter from the General Station, is in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. We will connect with her immediately to see what kind of "red story" there is in Zhangjiajie.

General Station reporter Jiang Wenzhao:At my feet, there is Jin Bianxi, a famous scenic spot in Zhangjiajie. There is a Red Army Road here, which extends from this position behind me to the bottom of Golden Whip Rock. On November 21, 1935, the Red Sixth Army, which set out for the Long March, passed through Jin Bianxi and marched among these steep peaks, completing a key step in strategic shift. Nowadays, the plank road and the Red Army Bridge are built here to commemorate the Red Army. Groups of tourists come here to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Zhangjiajie and listen to the story of the Red Army again and again. According to reports, this year, the scenic spot also plans to further improve this "red tourism" route, create a "red education" classroom in nature, and let the "red culture" spread belt interweave between green mountains and green waters.

The revolutionary spirit left by the Red Army has become a family heirloom for the people’s officers in the old areas to start businesses. This year marks the 40th anniversary of the establishment of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. I saw an old photo at the theme film exhibition arranged in the scenic spot. This photo was taken in 1977. At that time, due to deforestation and man-made destruction, the coverage rate of Zhangjiajie’s virgin forest was only 10.9%. After continuous afforestation and ecological protection, let’s take a look at the present. This photo was taken in the same location a few days ago, and we can see that the once barren hills have undergone earth-shaking changes.

Beautiful landscapes have brought tourism development, turned the old areas into scenic spots and become a paradise for all living things. Zhangjiajie is rich in wildlife resources. We have seen all kinds of wildlife in Jin Bianxi these days. Baby macaques born this spring are now lively and active, and all kinds of Jin Bianxi small fish can be seen in the clear stream. Now, popular science education activities are also being carried out here. We see a fun punch table here. If the children who come for a spring outing observe the animals and plants on the card in the scenic spot, they can ask their parents to take a photo with their mobile phones and finish punching.

The children all said that they saw the giant salamander. In fact, the scientific name of giant salamander is giant salamander, which lived on the earth 300 million years ago, so it is called "swimming living fossil". The giant salamander has extremely high requirements on the ecological environment, so it is regarded as an "indicator" of good ecological environment. Fortunately, the giant salamander can be seen in the wild in Zhangjiajie in recent years. By the stream, the staff of Zhangjiajie Giant Salamander Protection Center is leading the pupils to return a batch of giant salamanders from the conservation and breeding base to their original homes.

The giant salamanders we see now were born in 2017, and they are five years old this year. Compared with the average life span of giant salamanders, they are still equivalent to the youth of human beings. Giant salamander feels nervous easily, and when it is nervous, it will secrete mucus all over the body, so we will change the big pot into a small one when we release it. Now they are adapting to the temperature of the stream through the basin, and then putting them into the stream. They will look for caves or cracks to hide. Researchers tell us that spring and summer is the key period for the growth and development of giant salamanders. After being released, the patrol team will strengthen the 24-hour inspection, hoping that these giant salamanders can adapt to the wild environment as soon as possible and live well here.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 11th-Entrusted by the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), Zhang Dejiang, Chairman of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), delivered the Work Report on the NPC Standing Committee to the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress on March 11th. The summary of the report is as follows:

　　I. Main work in the past five years

　　The past five years have been extraordinary in the development process of our party and country. The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core unites and leads the people of all ethnic groups in China, promotes the overall layout of "five in one" as a whole, and promotes the "four comprehensive" strategic layout in a coordinated way. The cause of the party and the state has made historic achievements and undergone historic changes, and Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) fully implemented the spirit of the 18th and 19th CPC National Congress, thoroughly studied and implemented the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, firmly adhered to the organic unity of the party’s leadership, the people being the masters of the country and governing the country according to law, resolutely safeguarded the authority and core position of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary, and resolutely safeguarded the authority and centralized leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core. Earnestly perform the duties entrusted by the Constitution and laws, create a new situation in the work of the National People’s Congress in an all-round way, make great achievements in the theoretical and practical innovation of the people’s congress system, and make great strides in the construction of socialist democracy and the rule of law.

　　In the past five years, the Twelfth National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee have enacted 25 laws, revised 127 laws, adopted 46 decisions on legal issues and major issues, and made 9 legal interpretations. The legislation is numerous, heavy, fast-paced and effective. The Standing Committee inspected the implementation of 26 laws and 1 decision, listened to and deliberated 83 work reports, made 7 resolutions, conducted 15 special inquiries and 22 special investigations, improved the supervision mechanism and continuously improved the effectiveness of supervision. Decided to ratify 43 treaties and agreements concluded between China and foreign countries and 43 international conventions acceded to, and decided and approved the appointment and removal of a number of state functionaries.

　　(1) Efforts should be made to strengthen legislation in key areas and improve the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics with the Constitution as the core.

　　To consider and propose a draft constitutional amendment. Starting from the overall situation and strategic height of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has made a major decision to amend the Constitution. The Second Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee deliberated and adopted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s proposal on amending part of the Constitution. The 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) promoted the revision of the Constitution in strict accordance with legal procedures. In January this year, the 32nd meeting of the Standing Committee was held to seriously discuss the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s proposal to amend the Constitution and form a draft amendment to the Constitution, which was submitted to the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress for deliberation. Members of the Standing Committee fully support and resolutely support the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee on amending the Constitution. They agree that it is of great and far-reaching significance to include the major theoretical viewpoints and major principles and policies set by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, especially the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, in the fundamental law of the country, so as to promote the development of China’s Constitution with the times and provide a strong constitutional guarantee for upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　Improve the legal system to ensure the implementation of the Constitution. Establish a national constitution day, strengthen the publicity and education of the constitution, and vigorously carry forward the spirit of the constitution. Establish a constitutional oath system, stipulating that state functionaries will take the constitutional oath publicly when they take office, and solemnly promise to be loyal to the Constitution, the motherland and the people. The Amnesty system stipulated in the Constitution was implemented, and on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese people’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the world anti-fascist war, a decision was made to grant amnesty to some prisoners. Formulate the national medal and the national honorary title law, and implement the national meritorious honor recognition system stipulated in the Constitution. Formulate the national anthem law, together with the national flag law and the national emblem law that have been implemented before, to safeguard the dignity of important national symbols and symbols established by the Constitution.

　　Accelerate the construction of national security and the rule of law. We have implemented the overall concept of national security, maintained political determination, and seized the opportunity of legislation. We have successively promulgated a number of important laws, such as the National Security Law, the Anti-Spy Law, the Anti-Terrorism Law, the Law on the Administration of Domestic Activities of Overseas NGOs, the Cyber Security Law, the National Intelligence Law, the National Defense Traffic Law, the Military Facilities Protection Law, and the Nuclear Security Law, which have provided a strong guarantee for safeguarding national security, core interests and major interests.

　　Promote the compilation of the civil code and the formulation of the general principles of civil law. Compiling the Civil Code is an arduous task for several generations of legislators in New China. This session of the Standing Committee put forward a "two-step" working idea: first, formulate the general principles of civil law that play a leading role in the civil code; Then compile the various parts and strive to form a unified civil code by 2020. After three deliberations and repeated revisions by the Standing Committee, the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress passed the General Principles of Civil Law and completed the opening work of the Civil Code, laying a solid foundation for compiling a civil code with China characteristics, reflecting the spirit of the times and reflecting the wishes of the people. At present, the compilation of various parts of the Civil Code is progressing steadily.

　　Strengthen the legislation of socialist market economy. Put forward the implementation opinions on implementing the statutory principle of taxation, and clarify the reform path and relevant legislative work arrangements by 2020. Formulate environmental protection tax law, tobacco tax law, ship tonnage tax law, and amend the enterprise income tax law. Carry out the legal cleanup of property rights protection. Amend the Law on Anti-unfair Competition, the Law on the Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, the Law on Farmers’ Specialized Cooperatives, the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements, the Law on Standardization, the Law on Trademark, the Law on Advertising, and the Law on Tourism and Assets Evaluation.

　　Promoting the construction of socialist core values by law. We decided to set up Martyrs’ Memorial Day, China People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Victory Day and National Day of Public Sacrifice for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre, consider the draft law on the protection of heroic martyrs, and vigorously carry forward the great national spirit with patriotism as the core. The enactment of public cultural service guarantee law, public library law and film industry promotion law has changed the relatively backward situation of China’s cultural legislation.

　　Provide a strong rule of law guarantee for improving people’s livelihood. To meet the needs of the people’s growing beautiful ecological environment, we will comprehensively revise the environmental protection law, successively revise the air pollution prevention law, the water pollution prevention law, the marine environmental protection law, and the wildlife protection law, establish a public interest litigation system for ecological environment and resource protection, and build the most stringent legal system for ecological environment protection. Comprehensively revise the food safety law to ensure the "safety on the tip of the tongue" of the people. It has also enacted a charity law, an anti-domestic violence law, a special equipment safety law, revised the safety production law, the consumer rights protection law, and passed the criminal law amendment (IX).

　　Firmly safeguard the constitutional order of the special administrative region established by the Constitution and the Basic Law. Exercise the powers conferred by the Constitution and the Basic Law, make a decision on the issue of universal suffrage for the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and clarify the direction and basic institutional arrangements for the gradual development of democracy in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Explain Article 104 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, resolutely curb and oppose "Hong Kong independence" and safeguard the authority of the Constitution and the Basic Law. Approve the cooperation arrangement of "co-location of customs clearance" between the Mainland and Hong Kong at Kowloon Station of Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong High-speed Railway, and confirm that the cooperation arrangement conforms to the Constitution and the Basic Law of Hong Kong. It is decided to include the National Anthem Law in Annex III of the Basic Law of Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions, so as to ensure that the law is followed in Hong Kong and Macao.

　　New progress has been made in scientific legislation, democratic legislation and legislation according to law. Strengthen legislative organization and coordination, and give full play to the leading role of the NPC and its Standing Committee in legislative work. Since 2015, it has been submitted to the National People’s Congress for deliberation of important legal cases for four consecutive years. Establish a system of organizing the drafting of important draft laws by the special committees of the National People’s Congress and the working organs of the Standing Committee, and organize the drafting or submission of 70 legal cases for deliberation in the past five years. Work norms such as collection and demonstration of legislative projects, consultation on adjustment and demonstration of major legislative interests, and introduction of third-party evaluation of important legislative matters were introduced. We improved the system of legislative expert consultation, established the system of grass-roots legislative contact points, and made it clear that all the draft laws that the Standing Committee first considered and continued to consider were published to the public for comments in a timely manner, with a total of 81 draft laws published. Starting from the first law passed by the current Standing Committee, we will establish and implement a pre-approval evaluation system for legal cases to make legislation more scientific and meticulous, and ensure that legal provisions are tenable, feasible and effective.

　　(2) Give full play to the leading and promoting role of legislation to ensure that major reforms are well-founded and implemented smoothly.

　　Ensure that the reform of the national supervision system is carried out according to law. Carry out the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee on deepening the reform of the state supervision system, and successively make decisions to carry out reform pilots in Beijing, Shanxi and Zhejiang provinces and push them across the country, thus providing legal support for the orderly advancement of the reform pilot work. Actively do a good job in the legislative work of the supervision law. After two serious deliberations and public comments, the Standing Committee decided to submit the draft supervision law to this meeting for deliberation.

　　Improve the working mechanism of authorization decision and reform decision. In view of the reform measures that are inconsistent with the current legal provisions, are not mature enough to amend the law, and need to be tried first, make authorization decisions or reform decisions according to law. Listen to and review the report on the pilot work in a timely manner, and strengthen supervision and effectiveness evaluation. For the reform measures that need to be explored, it is decided to extend the pilot period or incorporate new pilots to improve them. The reform measures that have been proved to be effective in practice should be replicated and promoted by amending and perfecting relevant laws. In the past five years, 21 authorization decisions and reform decisions have been made, involving a number of major reforms in the pilot free trade zone, the rural collective land system, the judicial system, national defense and the military.

　　Strengthen the reform of laws related to reform. The individual clauses of the relevant laws that are not suitable for the needs of reform shall be revised together by means of overall revision of laws. In the past five years, a total of 15 decisions to amend laws as a whole have been reviewed and approved, involving 95 amendments to laws, and reforms in administrative examination and approval and vocational qualification recognition have been continuously promoted. Implement the major deployment of the CPC Central Committee to reform and adjust the birth policy, and make a timely resolution to amend the population and family planning law. Decided to abolish the legal provisions on reeducation through labor. Explain the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law and the Criminal Procedure Law.

　　(C) efforts to improve the supervision mechanism, strengthen the supervision of the implementation of constitutional laws and the work of "one government, two houses".

　　Improve the working mechanism of law enforcement inspection, improve and perfect the special inquiry. Strengthening law enforcement inspection has been placed in a prominent position in supervision. Since 2015, the number of law enforcement inspection projects has increased to six every year. 96 members of the chairman’s meeting led a team to conduct law enforcement inspections, and about 900 members of the Standing Committee, special committees and NPC deputies participated in law enforcement inspections. Explore the formation of a "full chain" workflow including six links: topic selection, organization, report, deliberation, rectification and feedback. A number of opinions on improving and perfecting special inquiries were issued, demanding that questions be asked to the point, that questions be answered realistically, and that "one question and one answer" reflect the voices of the people and respond to their concerns. Over the past five years, 155 responsible comrades from the State Council and relevant departments attended the meeting to listen to opinions and answer questions.

　　Innovate the supervision mechanism of budget final accounts review. Revise the budget law and enrich the legal provisions for strengthening the review and supervision of the budget and final accounts of the National People’s Congress. Improve the mechanism of reporting the rectification of outstanding problems found in the audit to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and listen to and review the rectification report of the State Council for three consecutive years. Establish a system for the State Council to report the management of state-owned assets to the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), put forward the guiding opinions for the NPC budget review and supervision to focus on expenditure budget and policy expansion, improve the mechanism of listening to the opinions and suggestions of NPC deputies and all sectors of society before budget review, promote the online supervision of NPC budget, and realize the full-scale review of budget final accounts and real-time online supervision of the whole process of budget implementation.

　　Continue to strengthen follow-up supervision and promote the three major battles. Focus on preventing and resolving major risks, approve local government debt limits, listen to and review local government debt management reports, emphasize finding out the base, strengthen constraints, strictly control increments, and resolve stocks; Listen to and consider reports on central final accounts, budget implementation and prevention of financial risks, review and approve annual central final accounts and budget adjustment plans, and strengthen supervision over financial transfer payments and the use of state financial special funds in key areas such as science and technology, water conservancy and education. Focus on fighting the tough battle against poverty accurately, listen to and review the relevant special reports of the State Council twice and carry out special inquiries. For five consecutive years, focus on supervising 127 suggestions made by delegates on tackling poverty, focusing on promoting poverty alleviation in ethnic areas and old revolutionary areas, check the implementation of the law on regional ethnic autonomy, and carry out special investigations on the revitalization and development of the former Central Soviet Area such as Gannan. Focus on the tough battle against pollution, continuously check the implementation of six environmental laws, such as the Environmental Protection Law, the Law on the Prevention of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes and the Law on the Prevention of Air Pollution, listen to and review the annual report on the State Council’s environmental situation and the completion of environmental protection targets for two consecutive years, and listen to and review seven special reports, including ecological compensation, nature reserve construction and grassland ecological environmental protection, to promote the solution of outstanding environmental problems.

　　Strengthen the supervision of economic work and promote the implementation of the new development concept. Review and approve the Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, listen to the mid-term evaluation report on the implementation of the Outline of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and listen to the report on the implementation of the review plan every year to promote the smooth completion of the main goals and major tasks of economic and social development. Focusing on promoting supply-side structural reforms, making the real economy bigger and stronger, and listening to and deliberating special reports on the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing, the deep integration of informationization and industrialization; Check the implementation of the product quality law, the law on promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, the patent law and other laws. Focusing on promoting the priority development of agriculture and rural areas, promoting farmers’ sustained income increase, listening to and deliberating special reports on new rural construction, rural land contracting, rural financial reform and development, and agricultural and forestry scientific and technological innovation; Check the implementation of agricultural law, seed law and other laws. Focusing on promoting the coordinated development of regions and urban and rural areas, we listened to and deliberated special reports on the development of the western region and urbanization.

　　Comprehensive use of various forms of supervision to promote the protection and improvement of people’s livelihood in development. Focusing on ensuring the safety of people’s production and life, law enforcement inspection was carried out immediately after the revision of the Food Safety Law. In the same year, the feedback report on the State Council’s research and handling of law enforcement inspection reports and deliberation opinions was heard; Check the implementation of laws such as the Law on Safety in Production, the Law on Road Traffic Safety, the Law on Cyber Security, and the Law on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests, and listen to and consider special reports on safety in production, drug management, and prevention and control of infectious diseases. Check the implementation of laws such as the Vocational Education Law, the Compulsory Education Law, the Law on the Protection of Minors, and the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, listen to and consider special reports on the construction of urban and rural social security system, the reform of medical and health system, and the construction of public cultural service system, and promote the equalization of basic public services.

　　Strengthen the supervision of judicial work and safeguard judicial justice. Hearing and deliberating 15 special reports from the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, strengthening supervision over judicial reform, judicial openness, administrative adjudication, anti-corruption and bribery, supporting and promoting judicial organs to implement the major decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee to deepen the reform of the judicial system, exercising judicial power and procuratorial power fairly according to law, and improving judicial credibility.

　　Perform the duties of constitutional supervision and improve the record review system. Implement the linkage mechanism of filing and review, formulate the working rules of filing and review, establish a unified national filing and review information platform, and implement everything that is necessary, everything that is prepared must be reviewed, and mistakes must be corrected. Listen to the report on the work of deliberation, filing and review for the first time. In the past five years, 4,778 normative documents submitted for the record have been accepted, 188 administrative regulations and judicial interpretations have been actively reviewed one by one, special reviews have been carried out with emphasis on local regulations, 1,527 review suggestions put forward by citizens and organizations have been carefully studied, and problems found in the review that contradict or are inappropriate with the law have been urged to be corrected by the enacting organs, so as to ensure that the central authorities order it to be banned, ensure the implementation of the constitutional laws and safeguard the unity of the national legal system.

　　(four) efforts to deepen and expand the work of representatives, give full play to the role of representatives.

　　Close contact with NPC deputies and the people. Establish and implement the system that members of the chairman’s meeting and members of the Standing Committee contact NPC deputies. Members of the chairman’s meeting directly contact 87 deputies and members of the Standing Committee directly contact 333 deputies. Broaden the channels for deputies to participate in the work of the Standing Committee and special committees, 1,500 people participated in law enforcement inspection activities, and 1,600 people attended the meetings of the Standing Committee as nonvoting delegates, so as to achieve the goal of attending at least one meeting of the Standing Committee during the term of office of deputies to the grassroots National People’s Congress. We will improve the system of informing delegates of the important work of the Standing Committee and special committees. Formulate the implementation opinions of representatives in close contact with the people, organize representatives to carry out research and inspection, and smooth the channels for expressing and reflecting social conditions and public opinions.

　　Enhance the effectiveness of deliberation and suggestions on behalf of the motion. Over the past five years, deputies to the 12th National People’s Congress have put forward 2,366 motions and 41,353 suggestions. Among the bills put forward by the deputies, 59 legislative items involved in 514 bills have been reviewed and approved, 12 legislative items involved in 153 bills are under consideration, and 22 supervision items involved in 37 bills have been organized and implemented. Each organizer combines the suggestions of handling representatives with changing the style of work and improving the work, so that each piece has a reply and a landing. The 860 suggestions reflected by the delegates were combined and classified into 91 suggestions, which were handed over to the relevant special committees for key supervision, which promoted the resolution of a number of key and difficult issues related to the vital interests of the masses.

　　Strengthen the construction of the ideological and political style of deputies and perform their duties supervision. We will improve the learning and training system for deputies, hold 22 classes for deputies, with 5,520 participants, so as to achieve the goal of attending at least one performance study during the term of office of deputies to the grassroots National People’s Congress. Effectively strengthen the qualification examination of representatives. Support the original electoral unit to supervise the performance and activities of representatives according to law.

　　(5) Efforts should be made to promote the perfect development of the NPC system and lay a solid foundation for the construction of state power and the Party’s long-term governance.

　　Strengthen the work and construction of county and township people’s congresses. In the five-level people’s congresses in China, the county and township people’s congresses have a special position and an important role. The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) organized a two-year special investigation, put forward some opinions on strengthening the work and construction of county and township people’s congresses, submitted them to the CPC Central Committee for approval and forwarding, and simultaneously revised the local organization law, election law and representative law. Comrades of local people’s congresses generally believe that this is the biggest effort to promote the construction of local people’s congresses for many years, and it has solved some outstanding problems that have long restricted the development of grassroots people’s congresses.

　　Give all districts and cities local legislative power. The Third Session of the 12th National People’s Congress adopted a decision on amending the legislative law, which endowed the cities with districts with local legislative power according to law, clarified the authority and scope of local legislation, and further improved China’s legislative system. In the past three years, the municipal and state people’s congresses newly endowed with local legislative power have formulated 595 local laws and regulations, which have provided strong support for strengthening and innovating local governance.

　　Safeguard the dignity of the people’s congress system. Resolutely implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and determine that 45 NPC deputies in Liaoning Province who canvassed and bribed elections were invalid according to law; According to the spirit of the Constitution and relevant legal principles, we should take creative measures to properly handle the issues related to the election case of canvassing and bribery in Liaoning in a timely manner. Preside over the election of deputies to the 13th National People’s Congress in accordance with the law, guide the work related to the general election of local people’s congresses, profoundly draw lessons from the election case of canvassing and bribery in Liaoning and the election case of sabotage in Hengyang, Hunan, take strict preventive measures, strictly observe discipline and rules, and ensure that the election work is clean and upright.

　　(6) Focus on strengthening the NPC’s foreign exchanges and serving the diplomacy of a big country with China characteristics.

　　Strengthen friendly exchanges with parliaments of various countries. Received 275 foreign parliamentary delegations to visit China and organized 311 delegations to visit China. Signed 21 cooperation documents with parliaments of 19 countries and the Inter-Parliamentary Union, established exchange mechanisms with parliaments of 21 countries including Russia and the United States and the European Parliament, and conducted 65 exchange activities. For the first time, it received a joint visit to China by parliamentary leaders of seven Nordic and Baltic countries. Actively carry out multilateral parliamentary diplomacy. Chairman the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) attended the Fourth World Conference of Speakers of Parliament and the Inter-Parliamentary Union Conference for the first time. He put forward China’s proposal and China’s proposal on eliminating poverty, promoting peaceful development and promoting the democratization of international relations. Play a constructive role in international and regional parliamentary organizations such as the Asia-Pacific Parliamentary Forum, the BRICS Parliamentary Forum and the Latin American Parliament.

　　Give play to the unique role of the NPC in foreign exchanges. Adhere to the primary task of promoting the implementation of the major diplomatic actions of the Supreme Leader Chairman, enhance mutual understanding and political mutual trust, and expand the public opinion base and social base. Promote the parliaments of relevant countries to support and approve cooperation documents with China, and strengthen the legal guarantee and policy coordination for jointly building the "Belt and Road". Focus on democracy and the rule of law, strengthen the exchange of experience in governing the country, spread the voice of China, tell the story of the National People’s Congress, and enhance the international community’s understanding, recognition and support of China’s development path and domestic and foreign policies. In view of the wrong words and deeds of the countries concerned on issues concerning China’s core interests, we should properly respond and take the initiative to speak out and firmly safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests.

　　(seven) efforts to promote the party building of the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee, and constantly improve the ability and level of performing their duties according to law.

　　We will implement the strategic plan of the Party Central Committee to strictly manage the Party in an all-round way, earnestly strengthen the construction of the Party Group in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and play a role in guiding the direction, managing the overall situation and ensuring implementation. Adhere to the political construction in the first place, and always maintain a high degree of consistency with the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core in political stance, political direction, political principles and political road. In the past five years, a total of 202 reports have been requested from the CPC Central Committee. In-depth study and profound understanding of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, conscientiously carry out the Party’s mass line education practice activities and the "three strictness and three realities" special education, promote the normalization and institutionalization of the "two studies and one doing" study and education, strengthen theoretical arms, strengthen ideals and beliefs, and practice the fundamental purpose. Held 58 times of collective study by the party group of the Standing Committee, and held 31 special lectures of the Standing Committee. Strengthen the leadership of the party groups of the organs of the Standing Committee, set up sub-party groups in various special committees, hold symposiums on party building work, and promote the comprehensive and strict implementation of the party in the National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee.

　　Persevere in changing style to style. Formulate and strictly implement the opinions of the Party Group of the Standing Committee on adhering to the Party’s mass line and strengthening work style construction, and the measures for the members of the Chairman’s meeting to implement the eight central regulations, and resolutely oppose and correct the "four winds". Always regard investigation and research as the basic skill of doing a good job in the work of the National People’s Congress, so that legislation, supervision and other work can be grounded, gather public opinion and seek practical results. Carry out the spirit of the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, and put forward and implement specific measures to improve the atmosphere of the National People’s Congress for four consecutive years. Establish a notification system for members of the Standing Committee and members of special committees to attend meetings of the Standing Committee.

　　Improve the news public opinion and theoretical research work of the NPC. Celebrate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the National People’s Congress, and systematically summarize the important experience of implementing the people’s congress system. Vigorously publicize the country’s fundamental political system and achievements in building democracy and the rule of law, interpret important legislation in a timely and authoritative manner, and hold symposiums on legal publicity and implementation to continuously improve the transparency of the work of the National People’s Congress. The China Municipal People’s Congress System Theory Research Association was established to strengthen the theoretical and practical research on the construction of socialist democracy and the rule of law.

　　The main experience of two or five years’ work

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has attached great importance to the construction of the people’s congress system and comprehensively strengthened its leadership over the work of the people’s congresses. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech at the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of the National People’s Congress, profoundly revealing the historical inevitability and great significance of implementing the people’s congress system in China, clearly putting forward the basic requirements for adhering to and improving the people’s congress system, and systematically expounding a series of major principles for unswervingly following the road of political development in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, which is a programmatic document for advancing with the times to improve the people’s congress system and promote the construction of socialist democratic politics. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over the The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) meeting for four consecutive years to listen to the work report of the the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Party Group, and studied many major issues and important matters in the work of the National People’s Congress. The CPC Central Committee issued a series of important documents, such as the party leading the legislative work, strengthening the work and construction of county and township people’s congresses, improving the system of people’s congresses discussing and deciding major issues, and strengthening the work of people’s congresses, which pointed out the direction and provided guidance for doing a good job in the work of people’s congresses under the new situation. In practice, we have further deepened our understanding of the scientific connotation and essential characteristics of the people’s congress system, and further deepened our understanding of the orientation and law of the work of the people’s congress.

　　(1) the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the essential requirement and the greatest advantage of the people’s congress system. We must firmly adhere to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core. (2) The Party’s guiding ideology is the scientific guidance and action guide for upholding and improving the people’s congress system, and it is necessary to fully implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. (3) The system of people’s congresses is an important way and the highest form of realization for Chinese people to be masters of their own affairs, and it is necessary to effectively implement the people’s being masters of their own affairs in the political and social life of the country. (4) Governing the country according to law in an all-round way is the essential requirement and important guarantee of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the important role of the NPC and its Standing Committee in comprehensively promoting the rule of law must be fully exerted. (5) The people’s congress system is an important part of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, and it must be unswervingly adhered to and improved with the times.

　　Iii. suggestions for the work in the coming year

　　2018 is the first year to fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and it is also the first year for the 13th National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee to perform their duties according to law. We must adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the First, Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, firmly adhere to the organic unity of the party’s leadership, the people being the masters of the country and governing the country according to law, persist in and constantly improve the people’s congress system for a long time, fully shoulder all the responsibilities entrusted by the Constitution and laws, and strive to open up a new situation in the work of the National People’s Congress in the new era. Adhere to the party’s leadership over all work, resolutely safeguard the authority and core position of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, resolutely safeguard the authority and centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Comrade of the Supreme Leader as the core, and ensure that the party’s line, principles and policies and the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee are implemented in all work of the National People’s Congress. Adhere to the principle that all state power belongs to the people, strengthen the system guarantee that the people are the masters of the country, and support and ensure that the people exercise state power through the people’s congresses. Adhere to the implementation of the Constitution in a prominent position in comprehensively administering the country according to law, earnestly strengthen the implementation and supervision of the Constitution, earnestly strengthen the publicity and education of the Constitution, and raise the work of governing the country according to law and the Constitution to a new level. Adhere to the overall situation of the work of the party and the state, exercise legislative power, supervisory power, decision-making power and appointment and dismissal power according to law, give full play to the advantages of the country’s fundamental political system, ensure the country’s unified and efficient organization and promotion of various undertakings, and better meet the people’s growing needs for a better life.

　　We believe that under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, under the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and with the strong support of the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country, the new National People’s Congress and its Standing Committee will certainly be able to write a new chapter in the work of the National People’s Congress in the new era.

　　Great dreams inspire us to continue our struggle, and great times inspire us to forge ahead. Let us unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, thoroughly study and implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind the mission, blaze new trails and forge ahead, and make unremitting efforts to win the Chinese dream of building a well-off society in an all-round way, winning the great victory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!

　　Chinese-style modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all people. Common prosperity is connected with the "big dream" of the Chinese nation and the "small life" of every family and China people. The difficulty lies in common, but also in common.

　　The way to govern the country begins with enriching the people. For thousands of years, the Chinese nation has always maintained a beautiful expectation for common prosperity, from "to enrich the country, to support all the people and to give birth to all things" in "Rites of Rites" and "to take a trip to the main road, and the world is for the common good".

　　Then, why is it said that common prosperity is a remarkable sign that Chinese modernization is different from western modernization? Looking back on the history of Chinese civilization for thousands of years, what kind of historical and cultural genes are there in the concept of "common prosperity for all people"? Since the founding of New China, what important measures has China formulated and implemented for ethnic areas? Recently, Tao Zhonghua interviewed Professor Wen Tiejun on this topic.

　　▲ Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has created a new picture of rural revitalization in accordance with the goal of "prosperous industry, ecologically livable, civilized rural customs, effective governance and affluent life". (Source: vision china)

　　Reporter: Why is common prosperity a remarkable sign that Chinese modernization is different from western modernization? In the process of western modernization, why do some countries have "poverty racialization" formed by the superposition of racial factors and class factors?

　　Wen Tiejun:China is a super-large continental country with rich geographical resources and complex environmental conditions, and it is also a unified multi-ethnic country. This is a very important feature of Chinese modernization, which is at the physical level.

　　On the cultural level, we are not a single nation-state or a single colonial country. In Asia, the mono-nation countries are Japan and South Korea, and there are a few island countries, all of which do not have the characteristics of "a vast and vast family".

　　In the west, the first group of people who fall into poverty and despair are aborigines. Whether in the United States or Canada, the aborigines are not only extinct, but also the only remaining aborigines are basically on reservations, and the reservations are all relatively barren areas. For example, Native American Indians live in the Gobi desert of Arizona, and it is difficult for them to share the fruits of modernization with the colonists.

　　The second largest group of people are those who are treated as slaves and sold to these colonies in large quantities in the Black Triangle trade, and most of their descendants are also in poverty. Due to poverty, many social contradictions and conflicts broke out between blacks and whites, which led to the detention of mainly colored people, especially the black population, in national prisons.

　　Countries like the United States fought more than 1,000 battles, large and small, before and after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, most of which were used to destroy the aborigines. Therefore, from the perspective of western countries, especially the leading countries that occupy the dominant position in this world, the emphasis on the so-called principle of "equality for all" actually obscures the common group differences among different nationalities, races and immigrant groups. It can be said that the oppression and deprivation of ethnic groups and even genocide caused by the United States and other western countries in the process of modernization are universal.

　　In addition, in the west, the problem of social polarization and class solidification caused by the excessive gap between the rich and the poor is very serious. In some countries, social development is stagnant, torn or even turbulent, and the whole economic cycle falls into an inefficient equilibrium.

　　Therefore, the modernization of western countries is not an example for us to learn from. Chinese-style modernization emphasizes common prosperity, that is, to jump out of this inefficient balance, so that the income of most people can reach the level of moderate wealth, showing a spindle-shaped income distribution structure, ordinary people can change their destiny through their own efforts, and the intergenerational social mobility channels are relatively smooth. In this state, new consumption, new economy and new kinetic energy will be colorful, the internal circulation of production, distribution, mobility and consumption will be smoother, and the economic operation will be more effective, dynamic and healthy.

　　▲ More than 6,000 mu of potatoes in Dongga Township, Sangzhuzi District, Shigatse City, Xizang Autonomous Region, enjoyed a bumper harvest. In 2018, with the support of the eighth batch of Tibetan aid cadres in Qingdao, Shandong Province, Dongga Township established a professional cooperative, which included 280 households with 1048 poverty-stricken people in the township, registered the trademark of "Dongga Potato" to promote the cultivation of organic potatoes and drive the people to get rid of poverty accurately. (Xinhua News Agency, photo by Zhang Yufeng)

　　Reporter: Looking back at the history of Chinese civilization for thousands of years, what kind of historical and cultural genes are there in the concept of "common prosperity for all people"?Wen Tiejun:The way of farming survival is the symbol of the Chinese nation entering civilization. Wild millet was domesticated in the north 9,800 years ago, and wild rice was domesticated in the south 10,000 years ago. About 10,000 years ago, ancient ancestors in China began to use simple tools to engage in farming, from the Paleolithic Age to the Neolithic Age, and then gradually progressed to the Bronze and Iron Age.

　　With the change of production tools, people constantly improve their ability to survive by farming. For example, as far as water conservancy, which is the most important for agricultural production, is concerned, when we encounter the dilemma of uneven precipitation, we need to drain water when the water is large and divert water when the water is small. To complete such complicated work, it is impossible to work alone, but we need group cooperation, so we gradually form a group lifestyle.

　　Taking this group’s way of life as a village, a very important endogenous culture has emerged in the history of China: the village cannot exclude any farmer who lives in the village; In the same way, farmers can’t exclude any member who lives in the family. In this way, the village community takes farmers as member units, and farmers take family individuals as member units, forming a close relationship of coexistence, symbiosis and sharing from village to farmers to individuals.

　　Why isn’t the West like this? First, the water conservancy conditions in the west are much better than ours. Europe is rich in precipitation, unlike China’s three-step geographical distribution, precipitation is seasonal.

　　In addition, the western (European) countries are relatively narrow, and people can survive by natural conditions, that is to say, they can completely rely on individuals and single families to maintain their basic survival, and the demand for "common" is not obvious. It is precisely because it is not necessary to coexist and coexist, so there is not much emphasis on sharing.

　　Later, about 4,000 years ago, there was a great climate cooling in the world. The north was covered with ice and snow, and nomadic groups living on the northern prairie went south one after another, including one of the horse-drawn chariots, the Aryans, which formed today’s Greece.

　　Westerners regard Greek civilization as their early civilization, which refers to the civilization formed by Aryans going south. This nation is not good at farming, but good at fighting. They turned 90% of the aborigines who used to live in the Peloponnesian plain in Greece into slaves, while they established polis in the coastal areas, enslaved the aborigines outside the castle in the polis.

　　It can be seen from this that, unlike the West, countries based on Chinese civilization have never been war-oriented, but are United, mutually supportive and symbiotic.

　　▲ In 1963, the people in Turpan, Xinjiang were renovating the Karez channel. (Source: Xinhua News Agency)

　　Reporter: Since the founding of New China, a series of measures have been formulated and implemented for ethnic areas, and great achievements have been made. What are the historical and practical considerations in the formulation of these policies?Wen Tiejun:"Common prosperity" requires that "no nation can be left behind" and "all families should live a good life", ensuring that no nation can fall behind in the process of modernization. Whether it is the national counterpart aid to Tibet and Xinjiang that has been adhered to for more than 30 years, or the counterpart poverty alleviation cooperation that has created the experience of Fujian and Ningxia; It is a successful practice of China’s ethnic policy to pave the way to school only for dozens of Yi children in the depths of Daliangshan, or to open the Dulongjiang Highway for more than 7,000 Dulong people in Nujiang, Yunnan.

　　▲ Villages along the Dulong River in Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. (Photo by Xinhuanet Zhao Pufan)

　　In 1935, Hu Huanyong, a human geographer in China, drew a dividing line from Heihe River in the northeast to Tengchong in the southwest, which was called "Hu Huanyong Line" by academic circles.

　　Taking the "Hu Huanyong Line" as the dividing line, the southeast region has become a developed agricultural region with extensive water system irrigation, with remarkable development of transportation and towns, and increasingly prosperous production industries such as textiles and porcelain, which have nurtured and nourished a large number of people. In northwest China, however, the phenomenon of land desertification caused by drought is becoming more and more serious, the traffic is blocked, the towns are sparse, agriculture is widely planted, animal husbandry depends on the sky for food, and the population development is slow.

　　The agricultural development of the Central Plains Dynasty in the northwest region had limited influence on the economic development of the northwest region. Most of the traditional societies of ethnic minorities are in a closed state, and a large number of natural resources are incapable of development and utilization. Therefore, the development gap between the southeast region and the northwest region is increasingly obvious, and this situation has not changed until China stepped into the threshold of modern history.

　　How to solve the problem of "Hu Huanyong Line" is also a problem that the Communist Party of China (CPC) has been trying to solve since the founding of New China.

　　In order to study how to break this rule, China, a "vast and vast country", must make overall planning and give full play to the advantages of the "national system", so that ordinary people in the central and western regions do not have to leave their homes and take the southeast route, but should share modernization at their own doorstep and realize the modernization of their homes.

　　After the founding of New China, the state implemented the system of regional ethnic autonomy in the western region, especially in areas where ethnic minorities live in concentrated communities, which initially laid the regional economic conditions for mutual help and cooperative development among ethnic groups. In the first five-year plan for the development of the national economy, the state has specifically determined the implementation opinions to guide ethnic areas and put forward development goals focusing on agriculture, animal husbandry, trade and transportation.

　　After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, supporting and helping the economic development of ethnic areas has also entered a new stage. For example, in 1977, the state set up subsidies for border construction, and in 1979, a national border defense work conference was held to put forward the policy of "counterpart support" for western ethnic areas in relatively developed provinces and cities in the east. These policies and measures reflect the scientific attitude from the reality of ethnic areas, with the aim of narrowing the development gap between regions and ethnic groups and realizing the common prosperity of all ethnic groups.

　　▲ In 1996, Fujian Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region established a counterpart cooperation relationship, which opened the "Min-Ning model" of poverty alleviation cooperation between the east and the west of China and became a model of poverty alleviation cooperation and counterpart support between the east and the west. (Source: vision china)

　　In particular, the border construction project initiated by the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, the Ministry of Finance and other departments in 1999, the Outline of the National Action Plan for Prospering the Border and Enriching the People, and the Development Plan for Supporting Ethnic Minorities with Less Population, which were launched at the same time, all aimed at making the people of all ethnic groups get rid of poverty and become rich as soon as possible through special policies.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, through precise poverty alleviation, we have created a miracle in history. Under the current standards, 98.99 million rural poor people have all been lifted out of poverty, and China has bid farewell to absolute poverty historically. Whether it is the snowy plateau, the Gobi desert, or the precipice and the rocky mountain area, the sunshine of poverty alleviation shines on every corner. We have fulfilled the solemn promise that "no nation can be left behind", and the people of all ethnic groups in China have entered a well-off society together, starting a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　▲ The total length of the highway along the border in Guangxi is 725 kilometers, which is the landmark project of the first border construction conference in Guangxi in 2000 -2002. The picture shows the upgraded border highway G219 from Dongxing to Napo Ma ‘an ‘ao. (Source: Transportation Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region)

　　▲ In December 2019, Guangxi land border ports and border villages achieved full coverage of 4G networks. The picture shows people taking selfies with their mobile phones in Bainan Township, Napo County, and feeling the beautiful life brought by the development of science and technology. (Photo by Xinhuanet Li Yongfeng)

　　Reporter: The economic foundation determines the superstructure, and development is the key to solve various problems in ethnic areas. What kind of development path should we take today?Wen Tiejun:For a unified multi-ethnic country, or for the Chinese nation, which is a pluralistic and integrated family, poverty eradication and common prosperity are the cornerstones of maintaining unity and consolidating integration, while local conditions and differential support are the essential conditions and processes for achieving unity and cohesion.

　　Today, we talk about "common prosperity", which is a higher level of development requirements. Different from the western development of industrialization at the expense of destroying the ecological environment and plundering resources under the control of capital, our economic development should be combined with the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and with the realistic conditions such as geographical resources, climate conditions and resource endowment in ethnic areas.

　　▲ In Tianshan Huahai Scenic Area, Shitizi Township, Hutubi County, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, farmers are weeding in the flower sea. The county combines the flower industry with tourism, which broadens the channels for local farmers and herdsmen to increase their income and get rich, and effectively promotes the local economic development. (Photo by Guangming. com and Tao Weiming)

　　At the same time, it is also different from the serious tendency of "attaching importance to material and neglecting spirit" and "attaching importance to individual and neglecting collective" in the process of western modernization. Our development is not guided by money, but requires "all-round enrichment of things" and "all-round development of people" at the same time, paying more attention to the role of humanistic spirit in social education and cohesion.

　　Interviewee profile:

　　Wen Tiejun, Executive Dean of China Rural Construction College of Southwest University and Chief Researcher of Rural Revitalization Research Institute of Jinan University.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed at the opening ceremony of the seminar on studying and implementing the spirit of the 20th Party Congress: "Promoting Chinese modernization is a systematic project, which requires overall consideration, systematic planning and overall promotion, and correctly handles a series of major relationships such as top-level design and practical exploration, strategy and tactics, integrity and innovation, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, self-reliance and self-improvement and opening up." The important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary fully embodies the dialectical thinking method of Marxist materialism and is a further deepening of our party’s understanding of promoting Chinese modernization. Among them, the first thing is to handle the relationship between top-level design and practical exploration.

　　The concept of top-level design comes from systems engineering, and is later extended to political science, management, sociology and other fields. Top-level design is systematic, holistic, collaborative and forward-looking. It emphasizes the overall planning of all relevant aspects, levels and elements from a global perspective, providing an overall guiding scheme for promoting career development, aiming at coordinating all work and effectively ensuring development direction, goals and progress. Practical exploration emphasizes that everything should proceed from reality, and we should neither hesitate nor rush blindly. In practice, we should explore the law, gain true knowledge, accumulate experience, and seek effective ways to solve new contradictions and problems. Top-level design pays more attention to systematic thinking and overall strategy, providing scientific guidance for practical exploration; Practical exploration pays more attention to innovative thinking and grass-roots practice, providing practical basis for top-level design. In reality, only by organically combining top-level design with practical exploration can we effectively promote the work.

　　In the course of magnificent reform and development, our party pays attention to both top-level design and practical exploration. Combining top-level design with practical exploration is not only an important experience, but also an important way of thinking. When Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core strengthened the top-level design, encouraged practical exploration, and promoted the implementation of many major decisions and major reforms in the process of realizing the organic combination and benign interaction between the two. For example, our Party scientifically planned and promoted poverty alleviation, incorporated poverty alleviation and development into the overall layout of "five in one" and "four comprehensive" strategies, defined the objectives and tasks of poverty alleviation, put forward precise poverty alleviation, and established a system of poverty alleviation with China characteristics, which provided scientific guidance for comprehensively winning the battle against poverty. At the same time, poverty-stricken areas are encouraged to pay attention to practical exploration under the guidance of the major policies of the party and the state, and to give full play to the role of uprooting the poor by taking measures according to different households and people, providing the right medicine, precise drip irrigation and targeted treatment. For another example, from building xiong’an new area to supporting Shenzhen to build Socialism with Chinese characteristics Pilot Zone, Pudong to build a leading zone for socialist modernization, and Zhejiang to build a high-quality demonstration zone for common prosperity, our party has combined the formulation of long-term policy objectives with extensive policy experiments. Through the pilot, it has not only realized the "hoof-stepping" of reform, but also integrated the local innovative spirit into the central policy-making process.It has further improved the innovation and adaptability of the policy.

　　China has a vast territory, a huge population and unbalanced regional development. In order to realize modernization in such a super-large country, strategic planning and deployment at the whole level are especially needed. At the same time, we should also see that the situation in different places is complex and different, and the top-level design can not be achieved at the grassroots level without practical exploration based on objective reality. To promote Chinese modernization, we must adhere to the combination of top-level design and practical exploration, and constantly push forward the cause of the party and the state. In the top-level design, we should accurately grasp the common aspirations of the people and explore the laws of economic and social development according to the changes in the domestic and international situation, so that the formulated planning and policy system can reflect the times, grasp the regularity and be creative, and achieve the combination of far and near, up and down, and coordinated content. At the same time, promoting Chinese-style modernization is an exploratory undertaking, and there are still many unknown areas, which require us to respect the people’s initiative, explore boldly in practice, strive to create fresh experiences that can be replicated and popularized, and promote the benign interaction and complement each other between top-level design and practical exploration.

　　Recently, in the Laboratory of Machine Chemist of China University of Science and Technology, the robot Xiaolai is shuttling through various operating tables in an orderly way. This world’s first robot, which integrates reading literature, designing experiments, independent optimization and covering the whole process of chemical development, is vividly called "machine chemist" and was developed by Jiang Jun, a professor from the Department of Chemical Physics of the Chinese University of Science and Technology.

　　From assembling the team in 2014, putting forward the concept, and finally landing the project, Jiang Jun’s team has sharpened a sword for ten years. This persistence is precisely the vivid epitome of China University of Science and Technology focusing on the national strategic needs, focusing on the direction of scientific development, based on a high position, broad vision and large pattern, and taking various measures to write "building a strong country and taking responsibility for education".

　　Anchoring basic research to serve the national strategic needs

　　In 1958, at the initiative of Guo Moruo, then president of China Academy of Sciences, and a group of scientists, the Chinese University of Science and Technology came into being. As a university founded for the cause of "two bombs and one satellite", serving the strategic needs of the country and cultivating cutting-edge scientific and technological talents for the party and the country are the innate value pursuit of the people of China University of Science and Technology.

　　Shu Gequn, secretary of the Party Committee of the Chinese University of Science and Technology, said: "Over the years, the Chinese University of Science and Technology has taken advantage of the combination of departments, innovated the integration of science and education, shouldered the heavy responsibility of national strategic scientific and technological strength, consolidated the foundation of scientific and technological self-reliance, and achieved a large number of original scientific research results based on quantum technology, artificial intelligence and deep space."

　　From "two bombs and one satellite" to the lunar exploration project; From large-scale space exploration to micro-scale quantum control; From the construction of synchrotron radiation accelerator to full participation in the construction of Hefei comprehensive national science center; From the opening of the world’s first thousand-kilometer quantum secure communication trunk line "Beijing-Shanghai trunk line" to the development of the world’s first optical quantum computing prototype … The Chinese University of Science and Technology has fulfilled the oath of "inserting the red flag into the peak of science" in the school song with one scientific and technological achievement.

　　Recently, a research team composed of professors Pan Jianwei, Lu Chaoyang and Liu Naile from the Institute of Quantum Information and Quantum Science and Technology Innovation of China Academy of Sciences, Chinese University of Science and Technology, cooperated with Shanghai Institute of Microsystems of China Academy of Sciences and National Center for Parallel Computer Engineering and Technology, and successfully built a 255-photon quantum computing prototype "Nine Chapters No.3", which once again set a new world record for the technical level of optical quantum information and the superiority of quantum computing.

　　Quantum science and technology is one of the important fields for China to seize the commanding heights of the future industry, and it is also the golden signboard of China University of Science and Technology. From Mozi, the world’s first experimental satellite for quantum science, to the prototype of quantum computing such as Jiuzhang and Zu Chongzhi, all started from the breakthrough of basic research bit by bit.

　　"To do basic research, China University of Science and Technology has a tradition." Bao Xinhe, president of the Chinese University of Science and Technology, said that the school has always encouraged and supported basic research work, and "the bench is not cold in the Chinese University of Science and Technology".

　　The landing of a series of mechanisms has effectively verified this point. The school has gradually established an organized scientific research model based on national laboratories, national research centers, scientific apparatus and other major platforms, which is oriented to serve the national strategic needs, and an outstanding scientific and technological innovation system based on colleges, supported by key experimental platforms, and focusing on free exploration.

　　The school also deploys original exploration projects to guide and motivate researchers to participate in original basic research. The school set up multi-gradient university-level independent deployment projects by using the basic scientific research business expenses of central universities and the special funds for "double-first-class" construction, focusing on supporting key areas or major international scientific and technological frontiers in the medium and long-term scientific and technological development plan of the state and China Academy of Sciences.

　　Through the innovation of system and mechanism, the Chinese University of Science and Technology focuses on promoting the cross-integration of five first-level disciplines: physics, chemistry, life science, information science and materials science, and further strengthening the construction of Hefei National Research Center for Microscale Material Science. The school will build the Geometry and Physics Research Center, the Peng Huanwu Theoretical Physics Research Center and the Anhui Applied Mathematics Center, etc., and strengthen the support for the frontier basic theoretical research work.

　　Allow students to choose their own majors and lay a solid foundation for talent training.

　　Talent training mode represents the characteristics and style of a school. Over the years, in terms of personnel training, the University of Science and Technology of China has formed a distinctive feature of "broad and solid foundation, fine professionalism and fresh work".

　　"In terms of academics, we must have the ability to think independently." Bao Xinhe said that the Chinese University of Science and Technology has always adhered to the concept of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, and basically there is no major direction when enrolling students. When attending the first to second grades, students can choose their own major and research direction according to their own interests and understanding of the subject. The school has set up a number of science and technology talent classes in basic science fields such as mathematics, physics, chemistry and life, and high-tech fields such as information and materials, which provide sufficient choice space for students’ development, basic research and interdisciplinary.

　　Based on this, the University of Science and Technology of China has formed a distinctive "two-stage (organic integration of general education and professional education), three-combination (combination of science and education, combination of theory and practice, combination of departments), long-term (integration of undergraduate and doctoral studies), personalized (100% independent choice of majors) and international" top-notch innovative talent training model.

　　In the University of Science and Technology of China, students should not only learn well, but also be given the right of autonomy-allowing students to choose their majors 100% independently. Undergraduates have three opportunities to choose their own majors during their school years: after one year of enrollment, they choose colleges or disciplines within the whole school according to their own interests; After the sophomore year, you can choose a major in a college or discipline; After the third grade, you can also make professional adjustments or study according to the personalized course plan.

　　The free learning environment, solid theoretical foundation and rigorous study atmosphere fully stimulate students’ motivation to explore new knowledge, so that students can firmly establish their scientific research aspirations to do the most cutting-edge and difficult research and solve the problems that the country and people urgently need to solve.

　　Accelerate the application of innovative achievements and serve economic and social development.

　　In 1970, China University of Science and Technology moved south to Hefei. In the past 53 years, in the process of innovation and development of Hefei, the Chinese University of Science and Technology has been like a seed, spreading its branches and leaves, blossoming and bearing fruit. Many "Science and Technology Department" enterprises such as Iflytek, Keda Guodun and Keda Dachuang have grown rapidly in Hefei, forming industrial clusters and becoming industrial landmarks in Hefei.

　　The orderly incubation of scientific research achievements in colleges and universities in the urban industrial chain benefits from the series of top-level designs of the school.

　　In 2020, CUUST was included in the first batch of 40 pilot units for the reform of "giving scientific researchers the ownership or long-term use right of scientific and technological achievements", and formulated the Opinions on Further Strengthening the Transfer and Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements to explore the "Chinese University of Science and Technology Model" for the reform of "scientific and technological empowerment".

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China University of Science and Technology has promoted the formation of a number of emerging industrial clusters, such as sub-technology and new generation information technology, and contributed to the regional economic development.

　　By the end of April 2023, the school had applied for more than 50 achievements to join the empowerment reform, approved the transformation of 31 achievements, involving 130 intellectual property rights, and established 25 high-quality entrepreneurial enterprises, covering a new generation of information technology, new materials, new energy, biomedicine and other fields. The Institute of Advanced Technology of the Chinese University of Science and Technology has cultivated 301 enterprises, including 90 national high-tech enterprises and 52 high-growth enterprises. It has formed an industrial innovation chain in the fields of independent informationization, artificial intelligence and biomedicine, and has become the technical engine of the regional high-tech industrial ecological chain.

　　In Bao Xinhe’s view, a series of technologies are actually needed to push the innovation into application. Only when scientific and technological achievements are combined with national needs, people’s requirements and market demand, and the three-level leap from scientific research, experimental development to popularization and application can we truly realize innovation value and realize innovation-driven development. To this end, in recent years, the school has continuously strengthened the top-level design to help the transformation of scientific research results.

　　In close connection with the country’s major strategic needs and the need to focus on basic research and key core technologies, CUUST supports the school’s scientific research team to "open its arms" and make bold innovations by exploring the establishment of key youth innovation funds, innovative team cultivation funds, original exploration funds, and "unveiling the list" projects.

　　In 2020, the state put forward the strategic goal of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. Two years later, the Institute of Carbon Neutralization was established. With the support of the Institute, young professor Xu Jixian undertook the key project "Development of the next generation crystalline silicon laminated solar cell technology". "The Chinese University of Science and Technology encourages young people to’ expose the list’. The list of’ exposing the list’ comes from the real problems and real needs in industrial operation and enterprise development." Talking about the precise help given by the school in direction guidance and the financial support provided in team building, Xu Jixian felt deeply.

　　Not long ago, the achievements of Xu Jixian’s team in perovskite photovoltaic research set a new world record and became the latest achievement under the continuous exploration of "the next generation of crystalline silicon-perovskite laminated battery".

　　"We must have determination and determination, adhere to stable support, encourage continuous scientific research and exploration, adhere to innovation management, and create a good atmosphere, so as to better play the supporting and promoting role of scientific and technological innovation in high-quality development and serve the country’s major needs and economic and social development." Shu Gequn said. (Reporter Fang Mengyu)